- Ph.D. Political Sociology. State University of New York at Binghamton (2005).
- Post Graduate Certificate in Bioethics. University of Puerto Rico, College of Medical Sciences (2015).
- M.A. Latin American and Caribbean Studies. State University of New York at Albany (1994).
- M.A. Comparative Politics and International Relations. Purdue University (1990).
- B.A. Social Sciences. University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras (1987).